Abdominal films should also be obtained in most cases. Radiographic studies should also be pursued with chest radiography to screen for pulmonary and mediastinal conditions. Also, other laboratory studies may be indicated to rule out other etiologies including gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), hepatitis panel, thyroid function, and cardiac enzymes. If the above are within reference ranges, repeating these studies when symptoms are present should be considered. Although no preoperative risk stratification exists, certain factors make an individual more likely to develop PCS :Ī blood gas analysis if the patient is acutely toxic appearing Previous investigations attempted to evaluate the preoperative risk of cholecystectomy on the symptoms, but results were contradictory due to variations of the study design. This study also found that the cause of post-cholecystectomy syndrome was by functional disorders in 26% of patients. One study found that 65% of patients had no symptoms, 28% presented with mild symptoms, while only 2% had severe symptoms.
International incidence of post-cholecystectomy syndrome is almost identical to the United States. The frequency of PCS varies widely in the literature with 5 to 30% of patients reported to have post-cholecystectomy syndrome. About 50000 or more cases of PCS occurred each year with at least 10% of patients developing PCS. Approximately 500000 cholecystectomies were performed each year in the late 1990s in the United States mostly laparoscopic.
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